Freedom in Islam
Make Islam the “freedom" really the natural rights of man, there is no value for human life without freedom, and when one loses his freedom, dying persons, although it apparently live and eat and drink, and work and seek in the ground.
We have reached the Islam’s respect for the matter of “freedom" to make way to recognize the existence of God is the mind free, which is not expected to believe that it exists the impact of external forces, Kaljuq and miracles, and so the Almighty said ((There is no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error)) he denied coercion in religion, which is the most valuable thing belonging to rights, to denote the exile elsewhere, and that the human and owned by an independent and he can not impose upon a control, but these things come, not satisfied with being forced, not forced choice.
The concept of freedom
the concept of freedom: means the freedom of the human capacity to do the Ootrkh of his own self the Queen particularly enjoyed by every sane person and issued by his actions, far away from domination by others because it is not owned by a not in himself or in his country and his people or the nation.
Does the “freedom" means all of each entry?
Does not mean, of course, the adoption of Islam is for freedom that was launched from each entry and the officer, because freedom in this way might be closer to chaos, raised by the passion and desire, it is known that passion destroys a human being than good works, and the prevention of his followers, Islam looks at the rights that civil nature, live among many of the children of sex, did not approve of a freely without the other, but it gave every one of them freedom whatever, whether individual or group, and the development restrictions are necessary to ensure freedom of everyone, and are controls laid down by Islam in the following:
A – did not lead to freedom of the individual or group to threaten the safety of the public order and undermine its foundations.
B – do not miss the greatest of rights, given their value in themselves and their grade level and their results.
C – freedom does not lead to damage to the freedom of others.
With these restrictions and controls are aware that Islam does not recognize freedom of the individual at the expense of the group, as evidenced by the group not at the expense of the individual, but balance between them, gave them both right.
Types of freedom
- Freedom on the rights of the individual physical
- Freedom of the moral rights of the individual
Category I: Freedom on the rights of the individual material, and this category includes the following:
A – personal liberty: and are intended to be human is able to act in the affairs of the same, and in all respect to itself, safe from the assault, to himself and honor and property, not to be at his disposal an aggression on others. And personal liberty includes two things:
1) the sanctity of self: the report of Islam has meant for human dignity, and high status. Advised to respect and not disdain and contempt, the Almighty said ((We have honored the sons of Adam)) and the Almighty said ((And your Lord said to the angels: I will create in the land-Khalifa said Atjal where the mischief therein and shed blood, we praise praise and sanctify you said I know what does not you know)) and the Power of the mind and thinking in his honor and veneration of the would, in preference to all other creatures, and talk about Aisha – may Allah be pleased with them – brought: “The first thing God created the mind said to him, accept, turned, and then said to him: gone went away, then said to him Almighty: and My Glory and Majesty have created nobler to you, your take, by giving, by Othieb, by punished “, and in these texts is reason to respect the rights, and honor the same, being careful to assess his feelings, and thus lays the human in the highest status, and the highest place so that abuse is it an attack on the whole society, and care to him care of the whole community, the Almighty said ((for that we wrote to the Children of Israel that whoever kills the same or corruption in the earth, as if he killed all mankind, and saves if he has saved people all)) The report of the human dignity of the individual, is achieved regardless of the person, man or woman, ruler or ruled, it is the inalienable right of every human being, it is considered to color, race or religion. Bastard even in the streets and so on, must be picked up out of respect for itself and his personality, if he saw one lying in the road, it shall be taken, leaving him without the highest political captured in front of God, and they had the risk of mortality. This and was careful to respect the rights of Islam alive, he is maintaining the dignity of dead limbs, which prevents his body representation, and committed and equipped Muarath, and forbade the seclusion and sit on the graves.
2) self-insurance: ensuring the safety of the individual and secure in himself and his honor and his wealth:
It is not permissible exposure to kill or wound, or any form of abuse, whether on the body such as beatings and imprisonment, and so on, or on self and conscience Ksb or insults and contempt and derogation and mistrust, and so on, and this decided to Islam checks and sanctions, ensure the protection of rights and be protected from all harm or assault upon him, to allow him to exercise his right to personal liberty. As the assault was strong was restraining the most, in the assault on self-murder and den of retribution, as he says: ((O ye who believe! Retribution for the dead)), or was the attack on prey machining and den of punishment also as the Almighty said: ( (and we wrote them and that the self-esteem and eye for an eye and nose for nose and ear for ear and tooth for a tooth, and wounds retaliation)) and the prevention of Umar ibn al-Khattab – may Allah be pleased with him – from governors to beat anyone but to be fair by virtue of a judge, also ordered to strike governors who violate the beat so much as their subjects but in order to prevent the governors from that insult anyone from the parish, and a penalty for violating it.
B – freedom of movement (the next day and Alruah): and are intended to be human is free to travel and movement within and outside the country without hindrance to stop him. And navigate the mornings and Alruah natural human right, as dictated by the circumstances of human life from the loss of employment and earning a living, and science and so on, so that the movement would neighborhoods as a whole, but are the lifeblood and the necessity came the report ((freedom of movement)) Qur’aan and Sunnah and the consensus in the book says: (( is the one who made the earth subservient to you walk in the path thereof and eat of His provision and the Resurrection)) and does not prevent the rights of movement except for a valid purpose, as did Umar ibn al-Khattab – may Allah be pleased with him – the plague of Emmaus, while preventing people from traveling to the Levant, which was by this epidemic, and not only do so pursuant to the words of the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him: (If you heard the land is not applied it, and if signed by the land and you do not get out escape), and in order to enable people to enjoy freedom of movement denied Islam attack on the passengers, and internship them in the streets, and revealed a severe punishment on those who cut off roads and terrorize the people of murder and robbery and theft, he says: ((but punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger, and mischief on earth, to kill or crucify or cut off their hands and feet of the odds or deny from the ground that their disgrace in this world and theirs in the Hereafter an awful doom)) and to confirm the proper use of roads and secure forbade the Prophet, peace be upon him companions to sit where, he said: (you and sit in the streets, they said: O Messenger of Allah, what we should be in our councils, said: “If that, then give the right way, they said: and what right of way, O Messenger of God? said:" Lowering the gaze and the palm of harm, and restore the peace, and the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice) , roads must give way to prepare them to travel and mobility and traffic, and any use of non-purpose is prohibited, especially if it led to the attack on innocent people, and the importance of mobility in the life of a Muslim and that he runs the risk of an emergency, you may make God the wayfarer – a traveler – A bank is due if the pain of what he calls the introduction of the Zakat money, even if the rich in his country.
C – Freedom of shelter and housing: When the human being on the acquisition of his home, he has the freedom of this, and should therefore be unable to state that management has adequate housing, so as to ensure a minimum level of living.
Narrated by Abu Sa’eed al – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him said: (from whom he was preferred to the back of the same thing to those who do not appeared to him, and whom he had preferred to increase the same thing to those who do not increase it), has quoted Imam Ibn packages of this hadeeth and others that rich Muslims are required to carry out the need for their poor if they are unable Zakat and shade for do need all of the food and drink, clothing and shelter shielding them the summer heat and winter cold and the eyes of passers-by, and the state is collected the money and distribute to the needy, no difference in this between Muslims and others because this is the right shared by all people Kastrakem in the water and fire would ensure that each member of the State, regardless of religion.
If the king of human shelter and housing, is not permissible for one, to enter the abode, or entered his house without his permission, even if the home-Khalifa, or governor higher – head of state – what did not call him an absolute necessity or interest too, because God Almighty says: ((O you who believe, do not enter houses other than your own until you have asked and received them: that is the best to you may recall, if you find no one in the house, enter not until permission is given to you and that it was you go back, turn is purer for you and Allah knows well)) and if forbidden to enter private homes without the permission of the owners, Valastellae or demolished or burnt, a fortiori, only if it is in the interest of the group, after securing the house to ensure a fair, and this interest may be expanded mosque, or building a street, or a hospital, or so , and had evacuated Umar ibn al-Khattab – may Allah be pleased with him – the people of Najran, and Awwadhm Kufa.
To save the sanctity of homes and greatness Islam forbids spying, he says: ((and do not spy and do not backbite one another)) and because in espionage in violation of the rights of others, which include: keeping the sanctity of the home, and freedom of the owner of personal non-access to secrets. And even adult Islam in the report of the freedom of housing that dropped retribution and blood money for those who violated its sanctity of his home, it should be considered, and so on, indicated by the hadeeth of Abu Huraira – may Allah be pleased with him – he heard the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him say: (from the View in the House people without their permission Vvqooa bellowed the same sample) and bellowed: any collateral for the owner of the house. Appointed rights – despite the sanctity and maintenance of aggression and the aggravation of his parents – but here ditha wasted due to misuse and aggression on the rights of others.
D – freedom of ownership: ownership and possession of rights is intended for something and having it, and its ability to dispose of it, and making use of its legitimacy in the selection of inhibitions, and his types and methods can be summarized as follows:
1) Types of ownership: the ownership or ownership are two prominent, namely: individual ownership, and collective ownership.
Valtmlk Singles: is that person wins something, and benefit from it as a matter of jurisdiction and Recruitment.
The Islam gives to the individual right to own property, and make it a fundamental rule of Islamic economics, and arranged on the right results the natural preserve of the owner, and maintained him for robbery and theft, and embezzlement and the like, and the development of deterrent penalties for those who assaulted him, to ensure him of this right, and impetus to the threat to the individual right. “Islam arranged on the right also other consequences, namely, freedom to dispose of it to buy or sell and lease and mortgage, and gift and bequest, and other types of permissible conduct.
Islam, however, did not leave (individual ownership of property) at all other than running, but he put his restrictions so as not to collide with the rights of others, such as interdiction of usury and fraud and bribery, monopoly and so on, which collide and lose the interest of the group. And this freedom is no difference in between men and women, Allah said: ((men share what they earn, and women’s share of what they earn)).
The second type: it is the ownership group: that is obsessed by the human society is large, or some of his groups, and the use of its effects for each of its members, and do not have use of an individual solely for being a member of the group, without the jurisdiction of a particular part of it, his example : mosques, public hospitals, roads, rivers and seas and the house of money and so on. And the king of public property is paid in the public interest, and not to a ruler or his deputy or any one else to board, or affects, one of which it has no benefit because of the project but is responsible for good management and directing the right direction that achieves the interests of the group and fill their needs.
2) the means of ownership: acquisition methods, and is defined by Islam and denied the same and what others can also be divided into two parts: the means of individual and collective property.
- Means of individual property, and has two aspects:
First appearance: funds owned, ie, the unprecedented King, and these funds are not out of the property of the owner to the other but because legal Kaloratp, or commandment, or pre-emption, or contract, or gift, or the like.
Appearance II: Money permissible, ie, the unprecedented King of a particular person, and these funds can not be achieved for individual-owned only by the leads to the acquisition and development of the hand, revival disused land and fishing, and extract what on earth metals, and have existed in the parent part of the money to someone particular, work, and so on.
That there are restrictions on individual property, outlines the following:
1 / maintenance person to invest money, because the harm to disable its owner, and Bnme the wealth of society.
2 / zakaah if performance reaches the minimum threshold, right on the money as Zakat, and also spent in the way of Allah.
3 / roads to avoid forbidden to get it, usury, and fraud and monopoly, and so on.
4 / no extravagance in his or skimping.
- The means of collective ownership, and have many manifestations, can be summarized as follows:
First appearance: natural resources public, and are covered by all the people in the state without effort or work. Such as water and pasture, and fire, and accessories.
Appearance II: protected resources, protected by any State for the benefit of all Muslims or people, such as: cemeteries, camps, and government departments, and endowments, and Zakat, and so on.
The third: the resources that did not fall by the hands of one, or has signed it and then neglected for a long time as a land of clinical death.
Appearance IV: the resources that accrue to the State because of the Jihad Kaghannaim and shade, and so on.
E – the freedom to work: Work effectively in the loss of all the ways that many other aspects of Islam, and it is a great honor as the strength of life, therefore, Islam recognized the human right in any field in which illumined not restricted only to the extent Tdharbh with or contradictory to its goals with the interests of the group. And the importance of work in Islam was considered a kind of jihad for the sake of God, as narrated by Ka’b ibn nub – may Allah be pleased with him – said: “(passed by the Prophet, peace be upon him man, he saw the owners of the Messenger of Allah may Allah bless him and grant him peace from his skin and his They said: O Messenger of God, if this was in the way of Allah, the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him: if he came out trying to his son’s young, he is in the way of Allah, and that went out seeking the parents were two large, it is in the way of Allah, and The output was trying to bite them himself, he is in the way of Allah, and if he seeks out the hypocrisy and boasting, he is in for Satan).
Thus, many of the texts of the Qur’aan and Sunnah, talking about work and urges it and notes the work of a variety of an industry of iron and carpentry of ships, and farm the land, and so on, because the work in the same way for survival, and survival – where it is – the goal of the Progress of the very large , and is the worship of God, and seeking His pleasure, and to the extent of bone end the status of the means, time greatest goals is the pleasure of Allah Almighty, and therefore the greatest way to it is to work and sacrifice, but rather noted the Koran to work and earnings for the alert to the seriousness of its usefulness and its importance to human existence, and it is the biggest blessing of Allah to mankind.
Category II: Freedom of the moral rights of the individual, and this category includes the following:
A – freedom of belief: It means the selection of rights for the religion he wants certainty, and faith that satisfies the conviction, without dislike another person to do so. The compulsion undercuts selection rights, and makes the impeller Maslub will, Ventvi so satisfied and convinced, and if we look at the words of God : ((There is no compulsion in religion)), we find that Islam elevated the coercion of one’s faith, and acknowledged that thought and belief must be marked by freedom, and that any force of man, or intimidating, or threatening to convert to a religion or doctrine or idea and invalid unacceptable, because it does not entrench the doctrine in the heart, and not proven in the conscience. Therefore, the Almighty said: ((And if thy Lord willed, those on earth, all of them wilt thou then compel people until they are believers)) and also said ((stated but you are a male I do not have Bmsitr)) All these verses and others, denies coercion in religion, and prove the human right to choose his religion that believes in him.
This and the consequent freedom of belief as follows:
1) dialogue and religious debate, and the exchange of opinion and inquiry matters ambiguous, which is not clear to humans, and were classified under the mind and understanding – that is not a matter of the unseen – in order to check cardiac arrival of one to the truth that may be hidden from him, was the apostles and prophets prayer and peace be discussing among themselves their own people to surrender the conviction and satisfaction, and voluntarily, but Abraham – father of prophets, peace be upon him – engaged in a dialogue of his Lord in the case of ((Rehabilitation and fatality)) to increase his heart the conviction and certainty, and that as narrated by the Quran to us in the verse : ((Abraham said: My Lord, show me how to revive the dead, said or did not believe he said yes, but to reassure my heart said thigh four of the birds Vzarethn you then make on every mountain of them part then Adehn Iotenk effort when he realized he know that Allah is Mighty, Wise)) Indeed, in the hadeeth of Jibreel peace be upon him, who asked the Messenger of Allah may Allah bless him and grant him peace for ((Islam) (f) (Faith) (f) (charity) (f) (signs of the Hour)) is clear evidence on the report of Islam, freedom of discussion religious, both among the Muslims themselves, or between them and other religions, in order to access the facts and ratification, in order not to raise suspicions and similarities and differences, Such that discussion is prohibited, because they do not reveal the facts that reach out to the beach one certainty.
2) the practice of religious rites, and the one that the administration of religious rites, without criticism or ridicule, or intimidation or threat, and perhaps the position of Islam, which ticked history to the people of disclosure – the owners of other religions – a matter of pride and pride, and his eminence, since the Download the Prophet peace be upon him Yathrib – Medina – gave the Jews era security, requires them to make way for their religion and their faith, and worship in the establishment of places of worship. then walked to this approach Caliphs, he wrote Omar ibn al-Khattab – may Allah be pleased with him – to the people of Iilia – Jerusalem – the Treaty which he said: ((This is what gave him the life of the faithful, the people of Iilia of security, gave them safer for themselves and for their churches and crosses,,, do not inhabit their churches not destroyed and does not detract from and not from the other and do not of the crucified, and do not hate their religion, and not be harmed one of them)) and here they are scholars of Europe today, bear witness to the tolerance of Islam, and admit him to do so in their books. said ((Michaud)) in his book (History of the Crusades): (( Islam, which is jihad, intolerant towards the followers of other religions and it has relieved the patriarchs and monks and their servants from taxation, and has denied killing the monks – in particular – to Ekovhm to worship, and did not affect the Omar bin Khattab Christians bad when the conquest of Jerusalem, has been slaughtering Crusaders Muslims and Jews were burned when they entered)) any City of Jerusalem
B – freedom of opinion: and also called freedom of thought and expression, and coconut Islam for a person to turn the view in the pages of the universe is full of facts, diverse, and different phenomena, and tries to test his mind, and use to his advantage with the children of sex, because everything in the universe Harnessed to humans , can be used by the knowledge of the nature and extent of its ability to interact and influence comes not only in view and the length of thinking.
This is to express an opinion and a number of areas and objectives, including:
1) Show the right and put out the false, the Almighty said: ((but not from you a nation who invite to goodness, and enjoin right and forbid what is evil and those who will prosper)) is well known is the way to the right, and therefore the request from the insured to reveal it, as that evil is the way falsehood, and therefore the request from the insured to tame.
2) prevent the dissemination of justice and injustice, and this is what he did to the prophets and the apostles about the kings and rulers and do scientists and intellectuals with the judges and Sultans “The Messenger of Allah may Allah bless him and grant him peace: (The best jihad is the right word when Sultan unfair).
3) and may be to express an opinion, to make things according to their importance and priority, and this is more what the people of the Shura in more than one country, and more than one community and may be any other way, since it is difficult to quantify, but it does not mean that fighting Rights in harm him, and return it to corruption, but must be within the framework of the good and interest, as Islam to his report to freedom of opinion, but wanted the human to think about how to climb, but not to come down, how to build himself and his nation, not how Ihedmaa in pursuit of her desires and whims.
A review of Islamic history, we find that ((freedom of opinion)) applied in a wonderful, since the age of prophecy, this great companion, Loved Ben Warner, expressed his personal opinion in the position of Muslims in the Battle of Badr, is not what he had seen the Prophet peace be upon him , took a box of the Prophet, peace in his opinion, and some of his companions expressed their opinion on the incident fabrication, and pointed to the Prophet peace be upon him divorce his wife Aisha – may Allah be pleased with them – only that the Koran is cleared her, and so many of the positions that they are often where their views
C – freedom of learning: Application of science and knowledge of the right guaranteed by Islam of the individual, and give him the freedom to pursue the collected, and did not restrict any of it, which serves the interests of the Muslims have, and minimum, but Antdbam to collect it all, and the behavior of the way Mosul him, but what It was science so that it does not follow the interest collected, and are realized by the harmful and evil, it is forbidden, and forbidden for a Muslim to his request, such as science and magic and witchcraft, and so on.
And the importance of science and knowledge in life, revealed verses of the Koran first order of the Prophet peace be upon him reading the Almighty said: ((Read in the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clot, Read and thy Lord is Most Generous, who taught by the pen, Taught man that which he did not know )) and reading is the key to science, and therefore to the Prophet migrated Allah bless him and grant him peace to the city, and set upon the infidels the war, and defeated the Muslims and captured from captured from the infidels, make a scapegoat of all prisoners from their captives, teaching reading and writing for ten boys of this city and the major virtues of Islam, where people open the doors of knowledge, and to urge them to face and where progress, and hate them sitting on science and underdevelopment from a convoy of civilization and well-being and prosperity. And for that he was an Islamic state, to facilitate access to education for all people, and ensure that everyone is right because this right is guaranteed to every individual of its citizens like all other rights.
D – political freedom: and are intended to the human right to choose the authority of government, and elected, and monitor their performance, and accountability, and criticism, and isolated if it turns on the method of God and His laws, and turned our backs on serious right and righteousness.
It is also entitled to participate in carrying the burdens of power, and its many functions, because the authority the right to a joint between nationals of the State, and is not limited to one, or a moratorium on the category without the other and choose the rights of the Authority, may be himself, or on behalf of the people of the solution and contract and are the people of the Shura, who represent the whole nation in a lot of things, including: do not strive with text in it, as the ruling due to the people of experience and competence of people with science and opinion, as they direct their actions in the ruling of a general nature or international declaration of war, or truce, or treaty, or freeze relations, or a budget or the allocation of expenses to a specific destination or other acts of Assembly, which does not interrupt the opinion of one. The Almighty said: ((God commands you to make over trusts to their owners, and if you judge between people you judge with justice)) and “The Messenger of Allah peace be upon him: (" He said, “O Messenger of Allah said, Allah and His Messenger and to a nation of Muslims and their common folk ).
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