The ruling on fasting the Day of 'Ashura'

Question :

What is the ruling on fasting the day of 'Ashura"? Is it better to fast the day before it or the day after it or all of these days (i.e., 3 days) or the day of 'Ashura' only? We hope for some clarification concerning that, and may Allâh reward you with good.

Answer:

Fasting the day of 'Ashura' is Sunnah. This is due to what is confirmed in the authentic Hadiths from the Messenger of Allâh which prove that. This is also because it was a day that the Jews fasted because Allâh saved Musa and his people. during it, and He destroyed Fir'awn (Pharaoh) and his people. Thus, our Prophet Muhammad fasted it as thanks to Allâh and he ordered that it be fasted. He legislated for us to fast a day before it or a day after it, and fasting the 9th along with the 10th is better. If the person fasts the 10th along with the 11th, that is sufficient for opposing the Jews. If the person fasts them both (i.e., the 9th and the 11th) along with the 10th, there is no harm in that due to what has been related in some of the narrations:
"Fast a day before it and a day after it."

As far as fasting it (the 10th) alone, that is disliked. And Allâh is the Giver of success.
Source:
Ash-Shaykh Ibn Baz
Fatawa Islamiyah, Vol. 3 Pages 344-345

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